The Writing Of The Major Of Education Essay - 2035 Words

College presents various number of educational paths that a student may take. Some students choose to major in certain areas and minor in others to fortify them in their desired field of study. Each field contains its very own information, its own process, its own learning methods, and most importantly its own writing styles and forms. This is my third year studying in the field of Education. I have read many books, articles, journals and other pieces of information that have showed me who others in the particular major choose to express what they think or their findings. Throughout this paper I have handpicked three scholarly journals that truly emphasize the style of writing in the major of education. There are a lot of elements that can be observed to comprehend the form and style in which a paper is written such as paragraph and sentence length, subtitles, references word usage, visuals, and the structure of information. After carefully reading the journals and taking into consid eration these elements, I came to the conclusion of which style is chosen by most writers in my field The style of form in my major can be described as experimental. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, my first journal, is a technical journal that has been around for over twenty years. A technical reading is characterized by the word usage, the content, and the level of professionalism. The editor is Laura justice. It covers issues of interest to early childhood development, theory, andShow MoreRelatedHow The Writing Composed Within Academic Settings Can Best Be Described?1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe writing composed in academic settings can best be described as demonstrate what we have learned. Writing to review topics about learning new ideas, to present a case and illustrate to our professors what we have learned, we can think critically and apply it. The writing submitted to professors gives them an impression of the way our practical mind works when confronted with a significant topic in a distinct field of study. Instructors want to see us learn to think like someone trained withinRead MoreGraduation Speech : School, Middle School And High School870 Words   |  4 Pageson the curriculum of student’s majors, and less on the core curriculum, these students may have a better understanding of what they want and less chance of graduating late. As a criminal justice major, I can understand that I do need to know some science and history, however I would find it more beneficial to learn more about my major than about world history for the eightieth time. My proposition is to have classes, like history more focused on someone’s major. For example for a history classRead MoreThe Sense Of Structure : Writing1434 Words   |  6 Pagesare constantly changing and adjusting how writing is taught. I surveyed ten respondents of students, faculty, and others at the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor to see their opinions on writing education. Although, all respondents answered in their own words, there were many similarities in their answers. The information gathered through these surveys may be used to support or defend certain arguments about writing education. In â€Å"Preparing to Teach Writing† J. Williams argues that reading is notRead MoreGeneral Education Courses: No Need for Them Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Education Courses: No Need for Them General Education courses may be one of the most hated requirements in college by students. These courses are required amongst all college students regardless of one’s major or minor. General Education courses may vary with schools but usually consist of: the arts and humanities, social science, natural science, mathematics, and writing. These courses should be optional; students should be able to take them at their own interest such as with electiveRead MoreCritical Thinking Is Not The Assault Of Sustained Thinking1591 Words   |  7 Pagesand to meaningfully investigate† (Burgess). Promoting critical thinking in college education not only broadens students’ horizons and opens their minds to innovative ways of thinking, but also prepares them for solving problems in the workforce. The college curriculum focuses on an education that ties together training with specialization that effectively emphasizes critical thinking through requiring General Education course s and balancing seminars with lectures. Many people expect students to beRead MoreThe Writing And Job Prospects Of Accounting1221 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the writing and job prospects of accounting and concludes with if I think this career is suitable for me. I will go into detail on why I chose it. I looked up various websites, used a few writing centers, and watched a lecture for an Accounting 121 class and used the information obtained to provide an overview of what accounting requires and what it is like. From this information, I concluded that education is a very important part of becoming an accountant because it is a major part of advancementRead MoreThe Importance Of English Education In English1034 Words   |  5 Pagesmy first language, it always had been a major part of my education since childhood. At my school in Bangladesh, I was required to be able to read and write English. As a result, since I was little and started going to school learning the English alphabets and being able to read and write in En glish was a huge part of the grades I received. By the time I was in third grade, I was able to read some of the children books and poems. However, the English education in Bangladesh somewhat focuses on grammarRead MoreVirtual Classrooms : Virtual Classroom1245 Words   |  5 Pagestheir education while having other obligations. Distant learning dates, back to the 1800’ and it has advanced over time with the growth of technology. As technology keep moving forward the virtual setting has will continue to have many benefits to help the student be more successful. The virtual setting has created an environment where online learning has the accreditation that gives the authorities to have the quality of the education or training given by the colleges for higher education. DespiteRead MoreThe Importance Of A Few College General Education Courses1070 Words   |  5 Pagesanything until building a good, solid foundation. This quotation applies very well to education. Before a job comes college, before college comes high school, before high school comes middle school, then grade school, kindergarten, and preschool. This is because one must learn the basic fundamentals necessary for the next step in life. This is exactly what general education courses aid with in college. These general education courses teach basic skills required for every profession and provide the knowledgeRead MoreTechnology Has Impacted Students Writing771 Words   |  4 Pagesthe years especially in our education systems. Educators are now able to serve multiple people because of technology, having the ability to earn higher level of education online is just one example. There are some opposing sides to the rapid advancement of technology in the classroom. Digital impact in the classroom has impacted students writing. Reflecting back to my first course of this program, I struggle with writing before enrolling in this class but my writing skills had declined due to increase

Nature valuable resources Free Essays

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS AN EXPENSIVE DIVERSION FROM THE REAL TASK OF SECURING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE COMING DECADES. DISCUSS. The technological promotion of the human existences enabled them to research and tackle nature ‘s valuable resources that finally led our civilisation far in front. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature valuable resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Non renewable, particularly the dodo fuel velocity up the gait of development. But those resources, made in the geological timescale is about to be consumed within a century. Undoubtedly we need energy to force our life further and keep the gait of development ; this demand of energy compel us to happen out its options. The hunt of appropriate resources is traveling on, many people are recommending on behalf of renewable resources. Renewable energy such as solar, air current, hydro, moving ridge and bio fuel are seen as the alternate energy, nevertheless there are a scope of obstructions confronting the rapid development of these engineerings: they are seeking to set up themselves in an out-of-date institutional, market and industrial context. ( Elliot, D. , 2003 ) . Though these engineerings are recognised as options, none of them are free from restraints and inordinate publicity of these engineerings could impact the natural system. So it is indispensable to measure the benefits and menaces due to the application of these engineerings before their execution. The purpose of this essay is to happen out the causes behind the publicity of these energy beginnings, their restriction and impact on single footing to happen out why and how the recreation towards these energy beginnings can be expensive and to propose the better manner to conserve energy for future. Causes behind the publicity of Renewable Energy Beginnings Assorted factors are responsible for the publicity of renewable energy beginnings. The on-going concern of clime alteration and imposed compulsory rigorous dockets to get the better of it, consuming modesty of fossil fuel and the issue of energy security for the states are found to be the major causes behind it ( OECS/IEA 2008 ) . In recent old ages, these beginnings are used to supply energy for the rural or stray communities excessively ( ITDG, 2000 ) and even to supplement the of all time increasing demand of energy. The concern over the green house gas emanation is one of the major grounds, if no alterations are made on the bing state of affairs, concentrations of CO2 could increase to every bit much as 630ppm by 2050 and 1,200ppm by the terminal of the century ( OECS/IEA 2008 ) . Many scientific surveies suggest that the net concentration of nursery gas beyond 450 ppm CO2 equivalent for good may take to a series of micro climatic displacement and put up a ego prolonging rhythm of rapid planetary heating ( Deutche Bank, 2008 ) . So this dismaying state of affairs demands for the options of this green house gas emitter and the publicity of renewable beginnings are being done to forestall it. An estimated $ 71billion was invested in new renewable energy except big hydropower worldwide in the twelvemonth 2007, up from $ 55billion in the twelvemonth 2006 and $ 40 billion, this addition was chiefly due to solar PV and weave energy ( REN21, 2007 ) . The graph below reveals the to a great extent increasing tendency of investing on renewable sectors. Causes of energy demand: The usage of energy is influenced by the population and economic growing. The increased population demands more energy where as economic prosperity multiplies the demand several creases. United States of America consists of 5 % of planetary population where as consumes 25 % of the planetary oil production ( Alliance to energy nest eggs, 2005 ) . In recent old ages extremely come oning states are devouring more energy. A survey shows that in the Hangzhou metropolis of China, along with the economic development, urbanisation and betterment in peoples populating status, the residential energy ingestion risen dramatically, it was increased by 93.75 % while the population growing was merely 9.22 % from the twelvemonth 2001 to 2006 ( Ouyang, J.,2009 ) . The increasing multitudes of turning in-between category in the development states are turning into energy rapacious and the states are despairing to acquire energy for their quickly turning economic system. Along with the population and economic growing, the inefficient substructure and machines besides increase the usage of energy. For illustration, the ill insulated house needs more energy for infinite warming whereas the inefficient engines use more energy even for the little end product ( Ouyang, J. , 2009 ) . Harmonizing to OECD/IEA, 2009, non OECD states account for the 93 % of planetary energy demand between 2007 to 2030, driven mostly by China and India. Restriction of Renewable Energy: Renewable energy chiefly solar, air current, hydro, wave, bio fuel and geo thermal are emerging as the new beginnings of energy but all of them have their ain restriction and the inordinate usage or extraction could take to another job. Here each of them are discussed on single footing. Solar Energy: The sunshine can be converted into energy, frequently photo Gurs cells are used to hive away energy. It is chiefly used for the intent of H2O warming and little graduated table power coevals. But it uses much infinite and produces comparatively less energy. Though there is no or really less fuelling and care cost, the initial cost is comparatively high. ( Singh, P, P and Singh, S, 2010 ) Enough sunlight hours are required for this intent and bad conditions and cloudy status can impede the entire end product ( Chen, H. , 2010 ) . Policy support from authorities, invention of new engineering and available market is indispensable to set up this energy in market, this type of energy publicity needs authorities subsidy and that indirectly increases the entire cost involved ( Reddy, S and Painuly, J, P,2004 ) . Beside the upfront initial cost there may be other cost such as to clean its by merchandise. In instance of solar energy it can be the cost to clean up the toxic chemicals like arsenous anhydride, Ga and Cd and the energy demand during the industry of immense graduated table photovoltaic panels ( Tsoutsos, T, et. Al. 2005 ) . Distinct environmental effects during the installing stage of solar panels can be seen as it requires big land multitudes of approximately 5 to 10 estates /MW of installed capacity. Huge array of stacked mirrors might do ocular blight and shadowing from the solar cells could impact the micro clime. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) . Harmonizing to DuHamal, J, 2009, the Cato study says, A 1978 survey found that the stuffs required for thermal-solar undertakings were 1,000 times greater than for a likewise sized fossil-fuel installation, making significant incremental energy ingestion and industrial pollution. Energy ingestion associated with the large-scale industry of photovoltaic panels. So all these factors proves that beside the initial upfront cost there are other indirect costs those makes these beginnings rather expensive. Wind Energy: Wind is seen as another major beginning of alternate energy. But it has restriction, as all the topographic points are non suited for energy production. Wind power has low fringy cost and high proportion of capital cost ( Rosenbloom, E,2006 ) . The complexness of site and the likeliness of utmost burden find the building cost of air current farm. Difficult ground status like difficult stones, bog and really blowy site with high extreme tonss result in expensive civil building and higher specification of turbines. Additionally the cost of grid connexion is frequently affected by the distance of production and usage. The mean cost of air current energy per unit of production depends on cardinal premises, such as the cost of capital and old ages of false service. ( http: //www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/what-determines-the-financial-viability-of-a-wind-farm-1450645.html ) Despite decennaries of broad subsidies, nevertheless, the cost of bring forthing electricity from air current remains pig-headedly wasteful in an progressively competitory electricity market. Many taking wind-power suppliers have encountered fiscal trouble, and capacity retirements appear every bit likely as new undertakings in the United States without major new authorities subsidy. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) . On the environmental side, air current power is noisy, land- intensive, materials-intensive ( concrete and steel, in peculiar ) , a ocular blight, and a jeopardy to birds. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) To get the better of those impacts and to relocate or conserve different species of birds besides needs money. So the upfront cost and such ecological job together makes it further expensive. The inter- and intra-annual variableness of the air current resource, or alter other facets of the external conditions for air current developments. It is likely that as in other constituents of clime alteration there will be ‘winners ‘ and ‘losers ‘ parts where air current energy developments may profit from clime alteration, and parts where the air current energy industry may be negatively impacted. ( Pryor, S.C. , and R.J. Barthelmie, R.J, 2010 ) . If the air current form alterations in the country of established air current farm due to climate alteration, it will non be possible to bring forth electricity and the big investing becomes worthless. Harmonizing to DuHamal, J. 2009, Denmark, the universe ‘s most wind-intensive state, with more than 6,000 turbines bring forthing 19 % of its electricity, has yet to shut a individual fossil-fuel works, so this illustration shows that it is an expensive and small end product giving procedure alternatively of big capital outgo. In Germany, Der Spiegel studies that ‘Germany ‘s CO2 emanation has n’t been reduced by even a individual gm ( by constructing air current turbines ) and extra coal and gas fired workss have been constructed to guarantee dependable bringing ( Waldermann, A.,2009 ) .This illustration proves that alternatively of big outgo still they can non be proved as a beginning of dependable supply of energy. Hydro Power: Hydropower is the major renewable energy beginning. Large scale hydropower is frequently economically attractive but requires immense amount of capital. ( McCully, P and Wong, S, 2004 ) . Small and micro hydro power are emerging as new beginning of energy, but these are the scattered beginnings and requires big amount of money to link with the state ‘s chief grid. So either it needs to be consumed locally or necessitate immense outgo to link it to the chief grid. The environmental effects caused by a hydroelectric system can be extended. However, the extent differs from one undertaking to another. A reservoir-based hydroelectric system can do a figure of alterations to the ecosystem, including stratification, ace impregnation, altering H2O degrees, and deposit ( McCully, P and Wong, S, 2004 ) . The greatest impacts of hydroelectric undertakings are found in fish populations and, more specifically, pink-orange populations. A recent survey released by the World Commission on Dams, nevertheless, found that some hydroelectric systems release more nursery gases into the ambiance than make coal-burning power coevals. Disintegrating flora trapped in dead H2O produces methane, which is 20 times more powerful as a nursery gas than C dioxide ( Anderson, H, 2001 ) . The big hydro power undertaking displaces huge country of human colony and that their resettlement cost immense sum of money. Wave And Tidal Energy: Energy can be generated by utilizing the sea moving ridge or sea tides. A critical portion of this exercising is to corroborate that the degrees of energy in the sea waves around the seashore are of sufficient magnitude to do wave power echt rival as an alternate beginning of power. Wave energy produces useable electricity from the kinetic energy of ocean. But there may happen ecological and socio-economic challenges. Impacts on piscaries, marine transit, and some recreational activity and ecological branching could be expected ( COPC, 2008 ) . Those commercial activities like piscaries and marine transit could ensue economic loss thereby straight set uping people support. Frequently ecological issues emerge as major concern before or during the building of these types of undertakings. And the declaration of such issues could be either the closing of the undertaking or expensive alternate agreement. In Korea, the ambitious undertaking of building of a Tidal Power Plant at Garolim bay came under immense argument because of the possible environmental and ecological harm, decrease in the tidal flat, debasement of saltwater quality that might do and be to retrieve the harm ( Lee, J, S and Hoonyoo, S,2009 ) . Such an illustration shows that these kinds of engineerings though seems renewable and less fouling but the cost involve in the extenuation for the indirect harm could do it much more expensive. Bio Power: Bio power is either generated by the burning of biomass or liquids derived from the works stuffs can be used for the replacing of fossil fuel. Bio-ethanol, an intoxicant can be made by fermenting the sugar constituents of the workss stuffs and is made largely from sugar and amylum harvests, where as bio Diesel can be made from vegetable oil, animate being fat or recycled lubricating oil ( Guru, M. 2010 ) . The first coevals bio fuel implies intensive agricultural patterns ( e.g. the high application of fertiliser and pesticides ) ( Russi, 2008 ) progressively it besides suggests that there will be competition for land usage and natural land ( forest and grassland ) , may hence be converted into cultivable land ; it may besides vie with nutrient production, which causes increasing nutrient monetary values that will chiefly harm those on low or subsistence incomes. Large-scale energy agriculture could be damaging both in footings of land usage and the chemicals necessary to bring forth harvests. Though these produce less pollutants than fossil fuel, the demand of huge country shorten the land for nutrient production ( IEA, 2009 ) Harmonizing to REN 2007, developing states as a group have more than 40 per centum of bing renewable power capacity, more than 70 per centum of bing solar hot H2O capacity, and 45 per centum of bio fuels production. But most of these states are fighting to feed their people and unable to afford the initial upfront cost for these energies. Although biomass is a renewable resource, much of it is presently used in ways that are neither renewable nor sustainable. In many parts of the universe, firewood is in progressively short supply as turning populations convert woods to agricultural lands and the staying trees are burned as fuel. As a consequence of hapless agricultural patterns, dirts in the U.S. Corn Belts are being eroded 18 times faster than they are being formed. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) . So if the part of biomass to the universe energy economic system is to turn, technological inventions will be needed, so that biomass can be converted to useable energy in ways that are more efficient, less polluting, and at least every bit economical as today ‘s practices.With the exclusion of bioethanol from Brazil, production costs of bio fuels are typically much higher than those of fossil fuels ( Thielmann, S, 2008 ) , this state of affairs makes it less executable economically. An survey done by Russi, D,2008, in Italy showed that the little benefits from the bio fuel would non be plenty to countervail the immense costs in footings of land demand: if the mark of the European Directive 2003/30/EC were reached ( 5.75 % of the energy used for conveyance by 2010 ) the equivalent of about tierce of the Italian agricultural land would be needed. Geo Thermal Energy: Geothermal supplies more than 10,000 MW to 24 states world-wide and now produces adequate electricity to run into the demand of 60 million people ( Jonathan, D, 2008 ) . Iceland is widely considered the success narrative for this energy, this state is to the full powered by renewable energy with 17 % of electricity and 87 % of warming demands is provided by this energy. ( Blodgett, L. and Slack, K. , 2009 ) Despite of these successes, this energy beginning is limited to some location of the Earth merely and it is non ever found economical and is unable to give end product as predicted antecedently. Production had fallen far short of projections made in the 1980sand even worsening because of the fickle end product from the figure of California belongingss and nationally, geothermic end product in 1995 was 14 per centum below 1994, a bead of 2.4 million kWh ( Blodgett, L. and Slack, K. , 2009 ) . They farther mentioned that geothermal has turned out to be â€Å"depletable, † with limited capacity, falling end product, and modest new investing What could be the solution? There can non be a individual solution for this job. As the dodo fuel is consuming, it is indispensable to seek for another beginning for its replacing. It is non possible to trust wholly on a individual beginning of energy. Mixing of energy beginnings and debut of energy efficient engineering could assist a batch to get the better of this crisis. Mix of energy beginnings All the energy types can non be available everyplace, solar energy requires adequate solar radiation hours, wind energy demands adequate wind speed and land, geothermic energy is confined on really few location of the Earth, moving ridge and tidal energy demand suited coastal country, bio fuel demands for immense land area of land. So it is indispensable to blend up these renewable energies with the conventional 1. Countries with adequate coastal country should underscore on air current, wave or tidal energy and blend up this energy with the conventional 1. The states which are rich on peculiar types of energy beginnings should advance that energy beginning. Though inordinate publicity of a individual type of energy beginning could be counterproductive. Excessive edifice of air current farm could impact on avian motion and even ensue the decease and monolithic graduated table air current farm can change or divert the air motion. Source Promotion of immense graduated table of bio- fue l can alter the natural ecosystem and the full cropping form taking to mass scale famishment. The economic and societal impact that cause may overweighs the benefit of bio fuel. Blending up of these renewable beginnings with conventional one, in fact, lengthen the life of dodo fuel where as supply more clip for the development of cheap and efficient more alternate beginnings of energies therefore procuring energy for future. Energy efficiency Energy demand is the effect of population growing and rapid development aided by inefficient usage of energy. Quickly turning in-between category prosperity is further striving the already overstretched energy substructure. Huge scope of electronics and vehicles are now within the budget of new emerging in-between category of developing universe, those are increasing the energy demand in that country. Not all the vehicles and electronics are good energy efficient, the less efficient these merchandises farther spoil the energy usage. Change in consumer behavior could be another of import facet in this respect. For illustration, alternatively of promoting people to purchase their ain vehicles, policy should promote utilizing public transit and for that it is indispensable to do the public transit efficient. Alternatively of doing capital intensive immense undertaking to bring forth energy, authorities should advance energy efficient engineering. The increased income and altering life manner is found as one of the of import implicit in causes of energy demand. The illustration of Hangzhou metropolis of China shows how the energy demands additions with economic prosperity, but it was non merely due to the economic betterment. Actually the state of affairs was farther worsen by the hapless thermic quality of the old bing edifice ( Ouyang, J, 2009 ) and that survey suggested to the redevelopment of bing old edifice for energy economy and less CO2 emanation of the metropolis. Improvement in bing old edifices and building of new high acting edifices and houses are critical. In United States, the residential and commercial edifices together consumes 39 % of the primary energy that state consumes and 70 % of the electricity ( NERL, 2005 ) . High acting edifices are designed to supply superior degrees of indoor comfort and buoy uping while devouring important less energy than those run intoing minimal criterions for energy efficiency. In add-on these edifices incorporate energy- bring forthing engineerings such as photovoltaic ( PV ) solar electric system. Harmonizing to NREL, 2005, mid- term option such as cellulose based ethyl alcohol and stopper in intercrossed electric vehicles are engineerings in the ulterior phase of development, but they are still excessively expensive to vie in the market place. Though the engineering can turn low value works stuffs, such as maize chaffs, saw dust, waste paper and fast turning trees and grasses into ethyl alcohol and other valuable fuels and chemicals and could assist to cut down dependence on fossil fuel and nursery gas emanation but it is still excessively expensive ( NREL, 2005 ) and merely the publicity of such engineering can non assist ordinary people. A survey done by Michael, A, et. al. , in 2009 on Potential benefits from improved energy efficiency of cardinal electrical merchandises ( family iceboxs, window air conditioners, motors and distribution transformers ) estimate that betterments to the four merchandises studied could cut down electricity ingestion in India by 54 TWh, or about 4.3 % of entire electricity demand in that twelvemonth. This is an of import consequence in itself, and suggests that several times this economy is accomplishable sing all merchandises. This survey proves that energy efficient engineering helps to procure energy for future in existent sense. Decision The development of scientific innovations changed the human civilization to greater extent. Discovery of fossil fuel and development of vehicles and industries together catalysed the procedure of development. But the inordinate and inefficient usage of these fixed stocks are now consuming quickly coercing us to happen out the option, beside this, the concern over the green house gas emanation is farther obliging us to deviate from the dodo fuel. Increasing population, particularly the turning in-between category of developing states are famished to energy as they are now able to afford most of the energy intensive engineerings. The inefficiency of those engineerings has farther additions the demand of energy. The quickly depleting beginnings of dodo fuel and environmental concern has diverted towards the renewable beginnings of energy, but most of them need upfront capital and more or less makes environmental harm and that increases the entire cost of the undertaking doing it further expensive. Assorted undertakings on renewable energy are unable to bring forth the adequate energy, sometimes non even the jutting one doing it undependable beginnings of energy. So it can non be possible to trust on merely one type of resource. Energy commixture, i.e. commixture of conventional and renewable could assist to give the best consequence, increasing the life of fossil fuel stock to some extent and leting clip to develop energy efficient renewable engineerings. Introduction of energy friendly engineerings in industries, concern, transit and family could significantly conserve the energy. Simply the recreation towards renewable energies becomes extremely expensive and merely the usage of dodo fuel could heighten planetary heating, so in my position it is much more indispensable to blend up these energies to do it low-cost and chair the cost of energy. How to cite Nature valuable resources, Essay examples

A Business Plan for Restaurant Startup

Question: Write an essay on a business plan of a new venture concept? Answer: A conceptual business startup venture that would prove to be beneficial and profitable in this assignment is the fast food restaurant. The new venture concept of business crucially defines some of the relevant questions that would help to understand the new venture like what kind of business must be initiated? What sections of the customers must be focused? What are required for the commencement of the business? and many more questions. These questions when answered help the entrepreneur to understand and develop a business strategy for his new venture. In this regard the venture concept statement is crucial with respect to what the business is. Now for the commencement of the business of a fast food restaurant a commercial space for the restaurant is needed, heater, ventilator, boiler, capital, labour, raw materials and customers are needed for the initiation of the business. Initially, the number of employees can be restricted to 20-30. Some facilities that are important include di ning, toilet, bar, cash counter, service counter and kitchen must be implemented. The interiors and the infrastructure must comply with the ambience which must be soothing and entertaining for the customers. The next is the customer segmentation which means the targeting of the customers. Now based on the survey and the statistics, the children and teenagers are the top customers of the fast food restaurants; hence the advertisements and the marketing strategies must be in compliance with them. The advertisements must be catchy along with the portrayal of cartoons and pictures of pizzas, burgers and French fries and hence it would attract more of the children and teenage customers. It has been surveyed that about 15% of the meals are eaten at the commercial restaurants and about 67% of the customers who were surveyed has stated that they visit the quick food outlets at least twice a week. The numbers does not seem quite impressive, but it is true that amongst the rising of the fast food restaurants around the world, there still remains the opportunity gap in this industry. The opportunity gap is identified through the statistics where consumers are now willingly sacrificing or not consuming the fast food products like the burgers, pizzas, French fries mainly because of the problem of obesity and hygienic food options. Most of the people are becoming highly health conscious and ethical in which they are choosing the alternative food option which are healthy and hygienic like fresh fruits and vegetables. The major problem of the fast food restaurants is the problem that is widespread which obesity is. The survey and statistics reveal that almost 3 in every 100 pe rson suffer from obesity and that the main contributor to the problem is the evolution of the fast food restaurants. But if the restaurants become conscious and careful about their quality of food and the ingredients that are used, then the opportunity gap can be narrowed and even closed down. Thus, the fast food restaurant business can be a success. Food is the most integral and the most inevitable part of our lives. It is not possible to survive without air, water and food. A fast food restaurant can be attributed to the mode of the availability of the food to the consumers easily. The startup restaurant business will be a success because children and the teenage form around 50% of the total population of any country who demand food. Now the food is available through many modes. It can be through the dining restaurants, the take home restaurant and through the fast food restaurants. Considering that the market for the fast food restaurants are quite high, it is mainly attributed by the fact that the consumers are now seeking food within the lowest possible time which is not possible in a dining restaurant or the take home restaurants. But for a fast food restaurants the type of food products that are delivered are easy and simple to make with simple ingredients, hence people of all age can engage n the fast food restaurants in order to access food at the lowest possible time. N this regard the food choice of the children and the teenagers are preferably the fast food like burgers and pizzas which are tasty, spicy and delicious for them. This would enable their parents to take them to these fast food outlets very often to pacify their children. Hence, it is thought that the fast food restaurants would be a success. The confidence that can be derived from the restaurant business depends upon the food habits of the consumers. Considering the fact that the fast food products are sourced, produced and distributed ethically, it is then that the success of the fast food restaurant business is ensured. According to the article of 2007 Business Week, about one fourth of the fast food restaurants shuts down or changes the ownership pattern within a year from the time of the opening. Thus, this is the reason why the entrepreneurs must carefully plan the business which must include licensing and staffing which will help to combat the odds of the starting the restaurant business. Some of the requirements that are needed for the commencement of the fast food restaurant are discussed under: Commercial workplace- the land or the space is an important factor of production of any business. in this case the entrepreneur can start the new restaurant by leasing or buying a vacant space. He can also renovate a space according to the needs or requirements. The former option of buying or leasing a vacant space would give the freedom to decorate and design the restaurant under its own means which can also be expensive whereas the latter option of renovating would restrict the scope of the designing. There is also a positive side to leasing a restaurant space which is directly related to the significant savings. This is because the restaurant also has the infrastructural facilities like the plumbing, heating and cooling systems and the electrical works. This would save a lot of money for the entrepreneurs in starting the new restaurant business. Equipments and the supplies- for the restaurant business to start machines, equipments, raw materials and the supplies form an essential part. The new restaurant requires appliances like refrigerator, oven, freezer, dishwater, cook-wares, utensils and many other types of equipment. Apart from the appliances and equipments, restaurant also need tables, chairs for dining purpose, storage shelves, sinks and basins and other equipments for the toilets and other infrastructural equipments. The most important requirement for the restaurant business is the supply of the raw materials such as the fruits, vegetables and meats which are required for the cooking. To acquire the supply of the raw materials, the restaurant owner must establish contracts with the wholesalers and with the markets of the farmers. Financing- for the commencement of the restaurant business substantial amount of finance is required which is the role of the entrepreneurs to attract the investors. For the financing of the restaurant the banks, private investors and small business agencies can be approached. Thus, the requirement of the finance and the capital is very crucial for the commencement of the restaurant business. Permits and Licenses- one of the first steps that the restaurant business owner must incorporate is the filling articles of incorporation and acquiring the federal tax identification number. After this, they need to acquire a lot of permits. One of the first permits is the health permit and zoning permit that is issued when the inspection of the workplace or the kitchen of the restaurants is done. Now if the restaurant serves alcohol then it must acquire the liquor license. Apart from the license and the permits, the chefs of the restaurants needs to pass a food safety course and fire inspection that is required to surpass the safety levels within the restaurants. For the commencement business the permits are required which takes around nine months to be acquired. The restaurant business also needs the sign permits and workers compensation. Hiring Staffs- the main important factor of the restaurant business is the services that are rendered by the restaurant staffs. To make the dining experience of the customers pleasant, the restaurants staff that will be hired must be skilled and prepare quality meals and deliver excellent service. Before the hiring of the restaurant staffs, it is important to analyze the type of the food that the restaurant is going to offer fast food products so the food items would include burgers, pizzas, French fries and other beverages. So the staffs that will be hired must have the skill to prepare the fast food items. For the number for chefs that need to be hired it is also necessary to evaluate the accommodation of the restaurants and the capacity of the deliveries of the food items. It is suggested by the Food Service Warehouse that the entrepreneur must start with less employees than the actual ones that are needed; this is because there is a possibility that some of them may quit the work at the initial stages of the start of the business. Management Skills- the success of a business is ensured if the staffs of the restaurants are skilled and have the ability to comply with the management skills. The first management skill that is important is the leadership skill in which the managers of the restaurant have the responsibility of the waiters, cooks, the front house staff and other personnel in the business. it is also the r4sponsibility of the entrepreneurs and the managers to deal with the inventories so that the customer experience are maintained. The next skill is related to managing the team and having good team building skill. Managing the team is crucial which includes the motivating and training of the team members. The other skills that are required in this case are the peoples skill which helps the staffs to deliver the customers with goods and services with efficiency, Flexibility skills, the skill of patience, managing of finance and the skill of perseverance. Business Model describes the process by which the company must offer, reach its customers and earn increased profits from the exchange of goods and money. According to Alex Osterwalder the business model generally comprises of the nine elements which includes: Customer Segments which comprises of the specific group of customers that are crucial for the commencement of the restaurant business. Value Proposition describes the offerings of the restaurants, the process of solving the problem and creating a value for the customers. Channels through which the customer segments are reached by communicating and delivering products and services to them. Customer Relationships which is the important in establishing connection and association with the target customer segments. Revenue streams which expresses the process of income generation and the mechanism of collection within the restaurant business. Key Resources which include the most important assets that is required for the working of the business model. Key activities are the performance of the restaurant business which augments the business model. Key Partnerships includes the network of suppliers and partners that forms the integral part of the business model. Cost structures which comprises of the costs that are required to be minimized in order improve the financial performance of the business. The above mentioned nine building blocks of the business model can be derived through the Business Model Canvas. The major focus of the model is the value proposition. The business model canvas forms the best model that can be incorporated for the startup business of the entrepreneurs. In this assignment, the startup business is that of the restaurant business and the following is the business model canvas for the fast food restaurant business. (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2012) The Business Model Canvas And Its Nine Building Blocks Key partners Key activities Value propositions Customer relationships Customer segments Manufacturers Grocery owners Farmers Wholesalers Machines Other commercial equipments Managers Production Marketing and B2C distribution, Delivery of products and services on time, Excellent customer service, Excellent quality of food, skilled employees. Customers will have the choice to combine their meals under healthy terms. Some health professionals will be appointed who would guide the customers to choose the healthy meal option. Customers will also get the facilities of home delivery within a stipulated time period. If the food quality is not up to the mark and does not comply with the food quality standards then the customers have the option to change their orders and provide relevant feedback. The employees would have the information about the regular customers likes, dislikes, health requirements and the other requirements which will speed up the process of the food delivery. Children between the age group of 7 to 12. Teenagers from the age group of 13-19 and all other people from the age group of 18-50 and all of a busy schedule Key Resources Channels Food providers There will be food outlets that will offer the food products and services. Presence of a delivery system, Online webpage where the facilities of the online ordering food products can be commenced, speeding up the process of lunching or dining. Cost structure Revenue streams The cost structure will be comprised of the fixed costs of the machines and the rent for the lands, local lease, salaries of the staffs, cost related to other facilities etc. The revenues will be generating from the Lunches, Nutritional Service, food products and beverages. (Robbins and Coulter, 2012) The Business Model Canvas for the commencement of the restaurants business helps to analyze the business situation of the restaurants. Key partners- The partners those are required for the restaurant business at the start up stage are the suppliers of the raw materials like the grocery owners, farmers and wholesalers who would provide the fruits, vegetables and spices at discounting rates. This will reduce the cost of the raw materials. The other partners include machines, equipments and co-owners of the business (if applicable). (Rosa and Soffer, 2013) Key Activities- the man activity of the restaurant business is the production of the food items like burgers, pizza and other fast food items. The next activity is the promotion and marketing process which will increase the sale of the products of the restaurant. B2C distribution is also an important business activity which commences a relationship between the business and the customers. The product delivery is crucial in reaching the products to the customers within a stipulated time period. The other important activities of the restaurant business are the delivery of quality food and service and ensuring that the food is hygiene. (Debelak, 2006) Value Proposition- the customer forms the integral parts of any business which means that satisfying the customers is important for the maximizing the sale of the products of the business. Customers must have the option to select their meals by combining different types of food product so that the diversity in the sale of the food products is maintained. Also the customers must be offered happy hours were there will be combo offers and discounting offers that will eventually increase the sale of the food products during that time. The restaurant must hire health professionals that will provide with health charts and guides that will help the health conscious customers to select the healthy food options. The most important is the satisfaction of the customers which can be commenced when the service delivery is impressive and efficient. In this case, the restaurants owners must offer the free home delivery of the food products within a time period so that accessing the fast food will b ecome easier for the customers. This would enable the customers to increase the transaction from this restaurant as the cost of the customers to visit the store decreases and they can save more money for lunching or dining. (Weber, 2005) Customer Relationships- it is very important for the business to establish a communication and association with the customers which can be commenced with the delivery of food and services efficiently and maintaining the punctuality. Not only this, the customers can also be given the opportunity to share their feedbacks and suggestions through a paper based questionnaires that will be offered with the bill. The customers also have option to complain if they feel that the food quality is not in compliance with the food standards where they will also be given the choice of cancelling their orders. Customer segments- the children and the teenagers form the crucial part of the of the fast food business. Hence all the offers and the food items must be targeted towards these types of customers. Apart from these customer segments, people of all age groups who have a busy schedule form the part of the fast food business. Key Resources- the food providers form the key resources of the fast food business. Channels- the food outlets form the channels through which the food items and the products are distributed. Also there should be an online webpage in which the customers can order their meals online through which the process of acquiring the food speeds up. Cost structure- all the fixed costs like the machines, equipments local lease etc. as well as the variable cost like the employees wages and other cost related to the production are included in this section which is required to be minimized in order to increase the profit of the business. Revenue Streams- the revenue is generated through the different types of meal that are offered to all the customer segments. Through the introduction of happy hours and discounting days, the sale of the food products can be increased which will increase the profits of the company. The business model canvas will enable the entrepreneurs to understand the structure of the business. This will help the business to flourish and increase the sales of the restaurants. The nine elements of the business model had focused on the financial performance of the restaurant business. the different methods of customer satisfaction and relationship will increase the sales of the food products which will enable the company to improve their financial performance by increasing the profit. The cost structure of the company will help to understand the extra cost or excess cost that is necessarily incurred by the company which will enable the company to take the decisions of eliminating the extra cost and reducing them. This will automatically increase the profit of the company and thereby improve the financial performance of the restaurant business. Thus, the financial performance of the business can be achieved and improved. The positive financial performance of the company can be achieved within two years from the start of the operation of the business. Since, the fast food restaurant is the inevitable part of everyones lives, thus, the sales of the fast food items cannot be decreased. But there is an potentiality of decrease in the sales when the consciousness among the consumers about the hygienic food comes in. In this case, it is important for the restaurant owners to set food standards prior to the preparation of food products so that there is no complaining or controversies regarding the quality of the food. (Clark et al., 2012) The commencement of any business involves certain amount of risk which complicates the path of the business. The risk can have serious damage to the reputation and the goodwill of the business. The potential risks of the business can cause dollar losses, wastage of time, loss of productivity and the negative impact on the business can be minimized by appointing a risk management team that will help the business to run smoothly. The risk related to the fast food business can be categorized into segments and types of risks which are discussed below: Physical risks- this includes the common type of risks like the risk of fire, explosion which can arise from the kitchen of the restaurants which is prone to fire and explosion. Ways to manage risk include facility of direct access to telephone at the time of disaster so that 911 can be called for help, installing fire alarms and smoke detectors, installation of a sprinkler system and personal safety drill must be taught to the employees prior. Location risks- if the restaurant is near to the flood prone, storm prone or earthquake prone areas then the building will be under risk of severe destruction. In this case the employees must be aware of the exit of the buildings and the location of all the streets that lead out of the location. In order to manage this risk the vehicles must be full with fuel for speedy escape. Human risk- A major risk in the workforce is the alcoholism and drug abuse within the work force. This human risk must also include accidents that occur within the premises of the workplace. Protecting the employees and the staffs are the important aspect of managing risks within the workplace. the human risk can also include the risk of theft, robbery and fraud. The human risks can be managed by the offering the employees with treatment, counseling and rehabilitation process which will benefit the health of the employees. In this case certain insurance policies can also be offered by the companies that will partially cover the cost of the treatments. To manage the risk related to fraud double signature for checks and invoice and payables verification can be beneficial. Technological risks- power outage is the basic technological risks that can hamper the operation of the business. To manage this risk power generator must be used as backup to the power generation. The computers that are to be used must have high performance batteries to cope up with the power outage. The reason behind business failure is diverse in nature and can be attributed to several factors some of which are discussed below: Poor Management- Business can face failure due to weak and poor management skill. If the employees of the restaurant do not comply with the skills and standards of the business, then there can be business failure. The new business requires professionals from the field of finance, marketing, HR failure to appoint the expertise will result in distortion in the business resulting the loss of the productivity and thereby reduce the profit of the company. A successful manager with improved business management skill will cause the business not to drift apart and business failure will be prevented. Lack of capital- capital forms the crucial part of any business as with the capital, all the other factors of production and the requirements of the business are acquired. With insufficient capital the business failure can occur which must be combat with relevant hiring of capital from banks and other private investors must be incorporated. It is responsibility of the accountants and the other financial officials that will understand the requirements of the startup of business. Thus, the efficiency and productivity of the capital must be improved in order to drive away the business failure. Location- sometimes the location plays an important role in the occurrence of the business failure. If the restaurant is within the traffic zone and do not have proper parking and lighting facilities then the customers might not prevail such restaurants and this would cause business failure. The location of the competitors is also crucial in this regard as the intensity of the competition will be much higher comparatively. The business failure can be combated by analyzing the location and the other facilities and amenities related to the location while deciding the site for the restaurant business. Overexpansion- one of the major cause of the business failure is the over expansion of the business. This may lead to bankruptcy in many cases. This situation can be combated by expanding at the appropriate time like when the customer base and the cash flow is improved, then the business can be expanded to some extent. For the new businesses, a minimum of five years must be monitored before the expansion of the business. in this a careful review, research and analysis of the business condition must be conducted. References Barnard, R. and Cady, J. (2000). Business venture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Barnard, R., Cady, J. and Zemach, D. (2000). Business venture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Barros, A., Gal, A. and Kindler, E. (2012). Business process management. Berlin: Springer. Blank, S. and Dorf, B. (2012). The startup owner's manual. Pescadero, Calif.: K S Ranch, Inc. Bradberry, J. (2011). 6 secrets to startup success. New York: American Management Association. Braun, L., Martin, H. and Urquhart, C. (2010). Risky business. Chicago: American Library Association. Calder, A. (2005). A business guide to information security. London: Kogan Page. Choate, P. (2008). Dangerous business. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Clark, T., Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Smith, A., Papadakos, T. and Lacey, M. (2012). Business model you. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Daft, R. (2012). Management. Australia: South-Western. Debelak, D. (2006). Business models made easy. [Irvine, CA]: Entrepreneur Press. Hatherly, D. (2013). The failure and the future of accounting. Burlington, VT: Gower. Kaputa, C. (2012). Breakthrough branding. Boston, MA: Nicholas Brealey Pub. Kendrick, R. (2010). Cyber Risks for Business Professionals. Ely: IT Governance Pub. Keough, D. (2008). The ten commandments for business failure. New York: Portfolio. Kidder, D. (2012). The Startup playbook. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Kim, H. (2012). Advances in technology and management. Berlin: Springer. Kyriazoglou, J. (2012). Business management controls. Ely, Cambridgeshire, U.K.: IT Governance Pub. Lesonsky, R. (2007). Start your own business. [Irvine, Calif.]: Entrepreneur Press. Lind, P. (2012). Small business management in cross-cultural environments. New York: Routledge. Lowrey, Y. (2009). Startup business characteristics and dynamics. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy. Mariotti, S. and Glackin, C. (2012). Entrepreneurship small business management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. McCormick, B. (2008). What's responsible for business success or failure?. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2012). Business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Ries, E. (2011). The lean startup. New York: Crown Business. Robbins, S. and Coulter, M. (2012). Management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Rosa, M. and Soffer, P. (2013). Business process management workshops. Berlin: Springer. Weber, A. (2005). Data-driven business models. Mason, Ohio: Thomson. Zopounidis, C. and Dimitras, A. (1998). Multicriteria decision aid methods for the prediction of business failure. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

International Pressure and Sanctions

Introduction The apartheid system, which was in place from the late 1940s to the early 1990s in South Africa, was one of the worse examples of discrimination and racism by a government against its citizens. This system divided South Africans into first class and second-class citizens based on their racial orientation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Pressure and Sanctions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The minority white South Africans were afforded all the political privileges and given the status of â€Å"first class citizens† while the other races were treated as inferior. The South African government tried to justify this discriminative system to its citizens and the international community. However, local and international condemnation of the system grew over the 1960s with calls been made for the government to end this oppressive system. The relative importance of the domestic and int ernational in bringing an end to apartheid is debatable with some people arguing that black South Africans political participation in anti-apartheid movements played the biggest role while others argue that actions by the international community where the most significant in dismantling apartheid. This paper will argue that international pressure and sanctions were the most important factors in ending apartheid in South Africa. How International Action Contributed to Ending Apartheid The economic sanctions imposed on the apartheid government led to economic difficulties that made the apartheid system unfavorable. The goal of imposing sanctions against South Africa was to reduce the economic welfare of the rich white minority in the country and hence diminish the willingness of the country to persist in maintaining apartheid. In spite of the country’s mineral wealth and valuable geographic position, the international community was not willing to downplay apartheid (Thomson 114 ). Western powers encouraged their citizens to disinvest in South Africa. This disinvestment by capital by foreigners led to a significant reduction in the wealth of the white minority therefore raising the costs of apartheid for the group that had benefited from the system. Kaempfer and Lowenberg note that the economic sanctions against South Africa resulted in a reduction of the GDP of the country (377). These negative economic outcomes led to a change in the behavior of the South African government in the desired direction. Economic sanctions contributed in the dismantling of apartheid by reducing the economic welfare of the white minority who were the main beneficiaries of the apartheid system. The isolation brought about by international pressure decreased government efficiency and the local support for apartheid. Led by the United Nations, many countries condemned the policy of apartheid and called for its end. Lulat (364) notes that many newly independent African countries pu t pressure on the Western powers to take action against the South African regime.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Efforts by the international community to pressure the South African Government to end apartheid were in play as early as 1963 when the US sort ways to â€Å"induce the South African government to remove the evil business of apartheid from the continent of Africa† (Duncan 38). The US and some European countries restricted the granting of travel visas to high-ranking political and military personnel within the South African government. In 1977, the US government recalled its Ambassador to South Africa and subsequently joined the rest of the world in condemning apartheid (Thomson 113). In addition to the effect that international pressure had on the white South African community, it also raised the expectations of black South Africans. International pressure demonstrated to the black community that the rest of the world supported their efforts towards ending apartheid. It showed that the international community supported the determination of the Africans to win full status and dignity in their country. The government therefore had a harder time maintaining and defending apartheid institutions in light of this anti-apartheid sentiment from the international community. International efforts against the Apartheid regime led to the imposition of an arms embargo that reduce the military capability of the South African government and increased the cost of equipping the military. Due to the perceived injustices of apartheid, the non-White groups in the country founded protest movements to fight for equal rights and freedoms with the whites. The government reacted aggressively to this protests using military force to suppress any opposition. Duncan observed that the growing government oppression in South Africa could only be countered by exter nal pressures (42). The international community therefore intervened to stop the government from getting the arms that it needed to form a well-equipped army to counter this growing African militancy. Its efforts to acquire this arms from the international market where thwarted by a UN Security Council resolution in 1977 that banned the shipment of arms to the South African Government. The United States, which is a major weapons trader in the world, adopted a complete embargo of military equipment to South Africa. Duncan notes that the US stopped supplying the South African government with all lethal goods and even terminated the sale of all military spare parts to South Africa (115). The South African government tried to counter this arms embargo by manufacturing its own arms. However, the locally produced weapons were costly and of a lower quality to those available in the international market. In addition to this, the cost of research and production led to financial strain by the government as funds were diverted from important public institutions. This decreased the popularity of the apartheid policy even within members of the White population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Pressure and Sanctions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International pressure forced the South African government to enter negotiations with the oppositions groups that were demanding political representation and justice. The apartheid policy had denied the non-White population any political power and the white minority were unwilling to reach a compromise. The prominent anti-apartheid South African cleric, Archbishop Desmond Tutu declared that while the objective of the African opposition movements was negotiation, the apartheid regime could not â€Å"get to the table without concerted international pressure† (Lulat 364). Through this pressure, the government was forced to listen to the trou bles of the majority and react to them in a favorable manner. Without the involvement of the international community, the South African government had no incentive to negotiate with its non-White population. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that international pressures and sanctions played the most significant role in ending apartheid in South Africa. To this end, it has highlighted the ways in which the international community contributed to the collapse of apartheid. Through international pressure and the use of punitive measures such as investment sanctions and trade restrictions and embargoes on supply of key goods, the international community was able to accelerate the ending of apartheid in South Africa. If the international community had not involved itself in South Africa’s affairs, the oppressive apartheid system would have continued for longer. Because of this international pressure and sanction, South African abandoned apartheid and adopted a system that ensu red majority rule based on justice and equality. Works Cited Duncan, Patrick. â€Å"Toward a World Policy for South Africa†. Foreign Affairs 42.1 (1963): 38-48. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kaempfer, William and Lowenberg Anton. â€Å"A Model of the Political Economy of International Investment Sanctions: The Case of South Africa†. KYKLOS Journal 39.3 (1986): 377-397. Web. Lulat, Yuni. United States Relations with South Africa: A Critical Overview from the Colonial Period to the Present. Peter Lang, 2008. Print. Thomson, Alex. â€Å"The Diplomacy of Impasse: the Carter Administration and Apartheid South Africa†. Diplomacy Statecraft 21.1 (2010): 107–124. Web. This essay on International Pressure and Sanctions was written and submitted by user Erika Dotson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Twains A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court essays

Twains A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court essays King Arthur becomes the butt of Mark Twain's satire in "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court." As Twain often does, his vision of life in King Arthur's court is quite different than the life that Thomas Mallory presents in "Le Morte D'Arthur." This paper will examine how Twain depicts King Arthur as an individual that comes across as nothing more than In contrast to Arthur's court, in "Le Morte D'Arthur," Hank sees a very different court life. Mallory's King Arthur is always seen with nobility and respect. On the other hand, Hank notices the stark contrast between classes. The king is presented as a man who revels in storytelling and apparently believes every story he is ever told. While the starving peasants wore tattered clothing, Arthur's Round Table was: as large as a circus ring; and around it sat a great company of men dressed in such various and splendid colors that it hurt one's eyes to look at them. They wore their plumed hats, right along, except that whenever one addressed himself directly to the king, he lifted his hat a trifle just as he was beginning his remark" (Twain 25). This scene leaves us with the impression that the aristocracy is arrogant and mindless of the ordinary citizens. Hank tells us that he "knew that the highest and first ladies and gentlemen in England had remained little or no cleaner in their talk, and in the morals and conduct which such talk implies, clear up to a hundred years ago" (34). Additionally, we learn that no one in the country can read except a "few dozen priests" (48). We can definitely see how the higher classes deprived the lower classes of many things that we consider absolutely essential for modern life. Interestingly, Hank likes the king regardless of his lack of refinery. He tells us, "Well, I liked the king, and as king I respected him respected the office; at least r...

Serial Killer Couple Karla Homolka and Paul Bernardo

Serial Killer Couple Karla Homolka and Paul Bernardo Karla Homolka, one of Canadas most infamous female serial killers, was released from prison after serving a 12-year sentence for her involvement in drugging, raping, torturing, and killing young girls. The teenage victims included Homolkas younger sister, whom she offered to her boyfriend Paul Bernardo  as a gift.   Homolka was born May 4, 1970, to Dorothy and Karel Homolka in Port Credit, Ontario. She was the eldest child of three, and by all accounts, was well-adjusted, pretty, smart, and popular. She received ample love and attention from friends and family. Homolka developed a passion for animals, and after high school she started work at a veterinary clinic. Everything about her seemed normal. No one suspected her of hiding deeply disturbing desires. Homolka and Bernardo Meet At age 17, Homolka attended a pet convention in Toronto, where she met 23-year-old Paul Bernardo, an  attractive, charismatic blond with a persuasive personality. The pair engaged in sexual relations the day they met and soon discovered that they shared sadomasochistic inclinations. Paul quickly took on the role of master and Homolka willingly became his slave. Over the next few years, the relationship intensified. The couple shared and encouraged one anothers psychotic behavior. Bernardo began raping women with Homolkas approval. Bernardos specialty was attacking women getting off buses, sexually assaulting them, and subjecting them to other  humiliations. The police and media dubbed him The Scarborough Rapist, after the Ontario town in which many of the sexual assaults were committed. A Surrogate Virgin One source of friction between the couple was Bernardos incessant complaint that Homolka had not been a virgin when they met. Homolka was aware of Bernardos attraction to her sexually inexperienced 15-year-old sister Tammy. Homolka and Bernardo came up with a plan to force Tammy into being a surrogate virgin for her older sister. To accomplish the plot, Homolka stole Halothane, an anesthetic, from the veterinary clinic where she worked. On December  23, 1990, at a Christmas party at the Homolka family home, Bernardo and Homolka served Tammy alcoholic drinks spiked with halcyon. After the other family members had retired, the couple brought Tammy to the basement, where Homolka held a cloth soaked in Halothane over Tammys mouth. Once Tammy was unconscious, the couple raped her. During the attack, Tammy began choking on her own vomit and ultimately died. Unfortunately, the drugs in Tammys system went undetected and her death was ruled an accident. Another Present for Bernardo After Homolka and Bernardo moved in together, Bernardo began blaming Homolka for her sisters death, complaining that Tammy was no longer around for him to enjoy sexually. Homolka decided a young, pretty, virginal teenager named Jane, who idolized the attractive, older Homolka, would make a good replacement. Homolka invited the unsuspecting teen out to dinner and, as shed done with Tammy, spiked the girls drinks. After inviting Jane to their home, Homolka administered Halothane and presented her to Bernardo. The couple brutally attacked the unconscious teen, videotaping the sexual assaults. The next day when the teenager awoke, she was sick and sore but had no idea of the violation she had endured. Unlike others, Jane managed to survive her ordeal with the couple. Leslie Mahaffy Bernardos thirst to share his rapes with Homolka increased. On June 15, 1991, Bernardo kidnapped Leslie Mahaffy and brought her to their home. Bernardo and Homolka repeatedly raped Mahaffy over a period of several days, videotaping many of the brutal assaults. They eventually murdered Mahaffy, cut her body into pieces, encased the pieces in cement, and threw them into a lake. On June 29, some of Mahaffys remains were found by a couple who were canoeing on the lake. The Bernardo-Homolka Wedding June 29, 1991, was also the day Bernardo and Homolka married one another in an elaborate wedding at a Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, church. Bernardo orchestrated the wedding plans, which included the couple riding in a white horse-drawn carriage, and Homolka dressed in an elaborate and very expensive white gown. The guests were served a lavish sit-down meal after the couple exchanged vows, which included, at Bernardos insistence, Homolka promising to love, honor, and obey her new husband. Kristen French On April 16, 1992, the couple kidnapped 15-year-old Kristen French from a church parking lot after Homolka lured her to their car on the pretext of needing directions. The couple took French to their home, and for several days, they videotaped as they humiliated, tortured, and sexually abused the teen. French fought to survive but just before the couple left for Easter Sunday dinner with Homolkas family, they murdered her. Frenchs body was found in a ditch in Burlington, Ontario, on April 30. Closing in on the Scarborough Rapist In January 1993, Homolka separated from Bernardo after months of constant physical abuse. His attacks became increasingly violent, resulting in Homolka being hospitalized. Homolka moved in with a friend of her sister, who was a police officer. Evidence against  the Scarborough Rapist was building. Witnesses had come forward and a composite drawing of the suspect was released. A work associate of Bernardo contacted the police, reporting that Bernardo matched the sketch. Police interviewed Bernardo and obtained a saliva swab, which eventually proved Bernardo to be the Scarborough Rapist. The Ontario Green Ribbon Murder Task Force closed in on Bernardo and Homolka. Homolka  was fingerprinted and questioned. The detectives were interested in a Mickey Mouse watch Homolka had that resembled the one  French was wearing  the night she disappeared. During questioning, Homolka learned that Bernardo had been identified as the Scarborough Rapist. Realizing they were about to be caught, Homolka confessed to her uncle that Bernardo was a serial rapist and murderer. She obtained a lawyer and began negotiations for a plea bargain in exchange for her testimony against Bernardo. In mid-February, Bernardo was arrested and charged with the rapes and the murders of Mahaffy and French. During a search of the couples home, police discovered Bernardos diary, with written descriptions of each crime. Controversial Plea Bargain A plea bargain was discussed that would offer Homolka a 12-year sentence for her participation in the crimes in exchange for her testimony against Bernardo. According to the deal, Homolka would be eligible for parole after serving three years with good behavior. Homolka agreed to all terms and the deal was set. Later, after all the evidence was in, the plea bargain  was referred to as one of the worst in Canadian history. Homolka  had portrayed herself as an abused wife forced into participating in Bernardos crimes but when videotapes that Homolka and Bernardo had made were given to police by Bernardos ex-lawyer, Homolkas true involvement came to light. Regardless of her apparent guilt, the deal was honored, and Homolka could not be retried for her crimes. Paul Bernardo was convicted on all counts of rape and murder and received a life sentence on September 1, 1995. Rumors that Homolkas punishment was too lenient surfaced after pictures of her sunbathing and partying with other prisoners were published in Canadian newspapers. Tabloids reported that she was in a lesbian relationship with Lynda Verrouneau, a convicted bank robber. The National Parole Board denied Homolkas application for parole. Homolkas Release On July 4, 2005, Karla Homolka was released from prison in Ste-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec. Strict conditions for her release limited her movements and whom she could contact. Contact with Bernardo and the families of several murdered teens was expressly forbidden. She is paralyzed with fear, completely panicked, said Christian Lachance,  one of Homolkas attorneys. When I saw her she was in a state of terror, almost in a trance. She cannot conceive of what her life will be like outside. Sources McCrary, Gregg O and Katherine Ramsland. The Unknown Darkness: Profiling the Predators Among Us. 2003.Burnside, Scott and Alan Cairns. Deadly Innocence. 1995.Transcript of Homolka interview. The Globe and Mail, 4 July 2005.

Basic Approaches to Leadership - Contingency Theories Assignment

Basic Approaches to Leadership - Contingency Theories - Assignment Example Leadership is an â€Å"observable set of skills and abilities that are useful in any work society, community or society† (Kouzes & Posner, 2009). Leadership is best defined as - â€Å"the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.† (Chemers, 1997). Over the years, many theories of leadership have been proposed: trait theories, contingency theories, situational theories, behavioural theories, participative theories, management theories and relationship theories. This paper is aimed at understanding the various contingency theories of leadership and identifying the one which is most accurate. Contingency Theory of Leadership Contingency theory of leadership was one of the first leadership theories that accepted that there is no single leadership style or model that would best suit all situations. Contingency theories were formulated on the idea that leaders need to adapt to different sit uations and need to be flexible. Behavioural leadership theories are the basis of contingency theories. According to contingency theory, leadership depends on the numerous environmental variables such as the situational demands, qualities of followers, workplace culture, job at hand, overall environment and the leadership style itself (Lussier & Achua, 2009). Contingency theory is based on the following four assumptions: A leadership style is dependent on the demands of the situation and a single leadership style is not applicable to all situations. Leadership is not a born talent and it can be learned Leadership is successful on only when the situational contingencies are understood Effective leadership is possible only when there is a match between the leadership style, behaviour or personality and situational demands (Lussier & Achua, 2009) Following are some of the contingency theories proposed: Fiedler Model: Fiedler model was proposed by Fred Fiedler and was the first continge ncy model. According to this, the effectiveness of a group or its performance was dependent on the match between the leadership style and degree of control the situation allowed to the leader. Hence, the effectiveness of the leader depends of the leadership style and 3 key situational factors: relationship of the leader and the follower, position power and task structure (Robbins, 2009). Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory: The situational theory proposed by Hersey and Blanchard focuses mainly on the characteristics of the followers. According to this, the characteristic of the followers is the main element of the situation and is the deciding factor in the leadership behaviour/style adopted by the leader. That is, the readiness of the followers to carry out a task influences the leadership style. A different leadership style is needed when the follower’s task readiness is low (needs training and constant guidance) and when the follower’s task readiness is high (posses right skills and attitude along with willingness and confidence). Therefore, a leader needs to be flexible and adopt to the situation. A leader can adopt any of the four leadership styles (delegating, participating, selling and telling) depending on the situational factors (Daft & Lane, 2007). Leader-Member Exchange Theory: This is a very interesting contingency theory that argues that leaders try to establish a special relationship with a small group who possess similar attitude, demographic and personality characters as that of the leader. That

Discuss the evidence, or lack of evidence, that exists to support the Essay

Discuss the evidence, or lack of evidence, that exists to support the use of adrenaline (epinephrine) in cardiac arrest in pre-hospital setting (ambulance work) - Essay Example patients outside of hospital had no substantially greater success or improved survival rates over medical technicians supplied with basic CPR skills and semi-automatic defibrillators (paraphrased from graphs. 1-3). In a related study (Heart, 1997), researchers found results consistent with a continued skepticism over the use of adrenaline. According to this article, "Some emergency medical staff were authorised to give standard doses of adrenaline during the observational period. Adrenaline was given to 35% of patients and was associated with a significantly greater rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation and hospital admission. However, there was no significant difference in hospital discharge rates between the two groups. Thus adrenaline and its dosage during cardiac arrest remain controversial" (412-414). It appears that when paramedics and other qualified emergency medical personnel give adrenaline to cardiac arrest patients in the field, it significantly improves the chance that the patient will live long enough to be admitted to the hospital, but it does not significantly improve the chance that patient will survive long enough to be discharged from the hospital. Adrenaline is good for buying the patient an extra few hours or an extra day filled with tests and possibly some invasive treatments. It may not be good for much more. It should be pointed out that these findings may be more germane to patients who are found in ventricular fibrillation, rather than asystole. According to a study carried out in Sweden and reported in Resuscitation (1995a) Jun;29(3):195-201., "A large proportion of cardiac arrests outside hospital are caused by ventricular fibrillation. Although it is frequently used, the exact role of treatment with adrenaline in these patients remains to be determined. AIM: "To describe the proportion of patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation who survived and were discharged from

Importance of Management and Leadership for an Organization Essay Example for Free

Importance of Management and Leadership for an Organization Essay â€Å"Both management and leadership are needed to make teams and organisations successful. Trying to decide which is more important is like trying to decide whether the right or left wing is more important to an airplane’s flight. I’ll take both please!† (Clemmer, 2005, as cited in McLean, 2005, p.16). The aim of this essay is to answer the age old question as to whether management or leadership is more important to an organisation. Organisations, ranging from professional to social, have been in existence for centuries and the sole purpose of any of these organisations is to grow and succeed. Thus, it is without a doubt that any organisation would accomplish much without a source of management or leadership. Even though it is evident that both management and leadership are both fundamental to a successful organisation, a distinction between the two should be made; although they are both similar in definition and function they do differ in importance in and effect on organisations. It is contended that the implementation of good management has a greater benefit, and therefore has more importance, to an organisation than leadership because: leading is considered as an element of the management function; to manage an organisation is to sustain it whereas to lead is to direct it but if there is no management, there is no entity, which leaves nothing for leaders to lead; leadership is focused on the management of people but an organisation is made up of more than just people; and also the value of leadership depends deeply on the structure and size of the organisation in question. The term ‘good’ is often used to describe something of quality and skill; thus, good management simply means management that is of the highest quality and is effective in producing the greatest results for an organisation: â€Å"Excellent results stem from a combination of skilled management, strategic thought and a good dose of general common sense† (Honig, 1999, as c ited in Samson Daft, 2009, p.14). Every workplace organisation, whether large or small, has a manager or person in charge; whether the appointed person is able to implement good management depends on their skill and capability. Management is the major task of any manager – it involves the use of authority to coordinate and supervise the activities of others and to ensure that tasks are being completed in an effective and efficient manner. More importantly, managers must implement the four key elements of management: planning, organising, leading and controlling in order to attain organisational goals (Bartol, Tein, Matthews Sharma, 2008). Organisational goals, whether they are sales targets or technological developments, are put in place by managers to set out the purpose and scope of an entity. Without such goals an organisation would cease to exist as there would be no direction to grow or move forward. The process of setting goals and deciding how to achieve them is the planning aspect of the management fu nction (Bartol et al., 2008). If effective management is employed, there is a greater likelihood of managers establishing better organisational goals and contingency plans to ensure the future and success of the organisation; because it will not only be goal directed but will also be prepared for unforeseen circumstances that may arise, enabling them to react effectively and efficiently (Samson Daft, 2009). Good management also assists in the successful implementation of action plans to achieve such organisational goals by organising, allocating, arranging and regulating activities and resources within the workplace (Bartol et al., 2008). Leading and managing are terms often used interchangeably because leading is described as a core activity of any manager (McLean, 2005). Leadership involves managers using influence to motivate employees to engage in plans that work towards achieving organisational goals (Bartol et al., 2008; Samson Daft, 2009). This suggests that leadership is intertwined within the task of management. So if good management practices are in place in an organisation, leadership is expected to follow in existence. However, the mistake should not be made to describe leadership and management as the same thing – â€Å"leadership is an element of management but is not the same thing† (Lyson cited in Robinson, 1999, p.20). To say that leading and managing is the same would be to ultimately say planning and managing is the same thing; nevertheless, planning is only a function of management, as is leading. Therefore, if an organisation were given a choice between employing either a good manager or a good leader, the good manager would be the safer bet because it would be expected that a good manager encompasses good leadership. Furthermore, the importance of and need for management in a workplace is supported by the idea that organisations are established to succeed and innovate and such is not possib le without the planning and setting of organisational goals and the attainment of these goals by organising, leading and controlling. Once good management is in practice, the four key functions, including leadership, are sure to be carried out effectively and efficiently. The profitability of an organisation is not a result of good management on its own; however, management is a major contributing factor. Every organisation is goal directed, and as ascribed earlier, management is the attainment of organisational goals with the use of planning, organising, leading and controlling (Bartol et al., 2008). The organisational goals act as an entity’s reason for existence, it strives to achieve these goals in order to grow and accomplish. Therefore it can be concluded that the focus of any organisation is to grow and move forward rather than to remain stationary and unproductive and thus there is an assumption that the life of the entity will be on going. The survival of an organisation depends on the ability of the manager to sustain it by utilizing the effective skills of good management. The manager is responsible for making informed decisions about the welfare of the organisation along with the collective resources owned. These decisions aim to not only achieve goals but to sustain and up hold the organisation to ensure its survival in today’s dynamic environment. Thus there is emphasis on an organisation to have good management in order for the entity to survive, which also acts to highlight the importance of effective management. On the other hand, leadership is implemented as the principle dynamic force to guide and motivate subordinates to attain organisational objectives (Burns, 1978, as cited in Shamas Ofori, 2008) and ultimately bring change to an organisation as more goals are satisfied. If effective leadership is exercised within an organisation, innovation, change and transformation are easily attainable (Bartol et al., 2008). Alternatively, Slap (2010) asserts that although leadership profits and adds value to an organisation by way of innovation, it is not the purpose of introducing leadership. Rather, leadership is used as a tool to share and express important values and experiences to employees in an attempt to bring about an improved change in the workplace environment and in the attitudes held by employees. Leadership in this sense allows leaders to be more easily respected upon employees because they feel more connected with the leader, which also gives the leader greater influence to motivate and encourage hard work. Nevertheless, whichever way leadership is regarded the end result remains the same: innovation of an organisation by way of providing direction to accomplish objectives (Bass, 1990, as cited in Shamas Ofori, 2008). â€Å"A leader innovates; a manager maintains† (Hollingsworth, as cited in Robinson, 1999, p.20); without effective management to keep the organisation alive it is likely to fail, and consequently leaders will be left taskless there will be no goals left to achieve, no employees left to motivate and ultimately no organisation left to innovate. This strongly recognises the importance of good management and the added advantage it brings to an organisation; without good management, good leadership will be ineffective and futile. On the contrary, leadership is often considered as a much more pleasant concept in comparison to that of management: â€Å"leaders are seen as charismatic and often are admired and held in high esteem, managers frequently are thought of as the organizations taskmasters with a whip in one hand and a bullhorn for screaming out orders in the other hand† (Kotterman, 2006, p. 13). Zaleznik (1977) and Burns (1978), as cited in Nienaber (2010), portray m anagement as â€Å"mundane, uninspiring and tactical by nature† and in addition, asserting that management alone cannot guarantee the success of an organisation. Consequently, it has been argued that leadership should be favoured at the expense of management in a successful organisation (Spurgeon Cragg, 2007, as cited in Nienaber, 2010). One of the most important aspects of leadership is the leaders’ followers (Bennis, 1989, as cited in Shamas Ofori, 2008). Iscoe (2005, as cited in McLean, 2005) argues that people would rather follow a leader than a manger, if given the option; this is not surprising as leaders tend to focus more on the people rather than any other aspect of the organisation because in order for a leader to effectively influence and lead others they must work to gain the trust and respect of their followers. Thus, there are various positive reasons as to why leaders are commended over managers among the people, some of which are highlighted in Maccoby (2000), as cited in Shamas Ofori (2008)., p.63: â€Å"hope of success, trust in the leader, excitement about a project or mission, or the opportunity to stretch onese lf to the limit†. Unlike management, leadership is not an assigned role or title placed on someone. The task of managing a corporation is specific to the teams of managers who are formally appointed the position whereas leaders can stem from any sector of an organisation. Therefore, managers are associated with formal authority (McLean, 2005) which means people secondary to them in the organisational hierarchy may view managers as intimidating and unapproachable which further emphasises why leaders are more favourable in an organisation. Yet in reality, success isn’t easily achievable and so in order to attain it, compromise must occur. An organisation cannot survive on leadership alone, because although a leader may possess few managerial qualities, they are unable to satisfy all the tasks of a manager. Nevertheless, as every workplace organisation involves employees, it is evident that leadership is a fundamental aspect of any entity because leaders are responsible for managing the people. However, organisations are about more than just the workers, which illustrates the prevailing importance of managers to control all the remaining aspects of an organisation such as goals, plans, assets and resources. As previously mentioned, every organisation involves employees. The McDonalds restaurant is the largest fast food chain in the world, operating over 30,000 franchises in over 100 countries worldwide. It was revealed in the 2010 McDonalds annual report that the organisation employs over 1.7 million workers from all age groups across their stores. In enormous corporations such as McDonalds, with such a vast number of employees, it is expected that both leaders and managers are equally essential in running the organisation because there is an equally enormous number of duties to be satisfied. However, in contrast, a small, family-owned, local milk bar may only have, at most, three employees. Clearly leadership is not as important in an organisation of three people in comparison to that of one with over one million people, simply because such a minute organisation does not require such a deep extent of leadership. However, it is not to say that the manager of the milk bar should not possess leadership qualities because even though there are very few employees, motivation and communication of direction must still take place (Nienaber, 2010) in order for the business to thrive. Although both management and leadership are both important functions of an organisation, a number of moderating factors determine the effectiveness and importance of leadership including size of the organisation (Fiedler, 1967; Gardner et al., 2005, as cited in Shamas and Ofori, 2008) whereas, regardless of size or type, every organisation needs a person in charge. In other words, management is important and is needed in every organisation but the extent to which leadership is needed varies among different organisations. Conclusively, although leadership and management are functions that must be applied to any successful organisation, effective management has prevailing importance. Theoretically, management is defined as the attainment of organisational goals through planning, organising, leading and controlling (Bartol et al., 2008). Thus it is clear that leadership is encompassed in the task of management so if a manager can perform their task effectively, leadership is likely to follow. However the reverse is not true, as to lead is to influence, direct and motivate others to achieve goals, not to control so management is not a facet of leadership. Management is often considered as a control mechanism in an organisation which some tend to find intimidating and off putting which is why leadership is usually the preferred, softer option (Kotterman, 2006). However, the focus of leaders is often on the people but people are obviously just one aspect of an organisation which is why managers are more important because there are so many other features of an organisation to be controlled. By influencing people to complete tasks effectively and efficiently, leaders bring about change and innovation in an organisation. However, without management acting to sustain organisations in today’s turbulent environment, there is simply no place left for a leader (Hollingsworth, as cited in Robinson, 1999). Finally, the essentiality of leadership in an organisation depends greatly on the size and type of a corporation whereas management is equally important in any and all organisations. These points clearly demonstrate that good management is more important to a successfully running organisation than good leadership. All in all, if an organisation were given an ultimatum between a good manager and a good leader, the good manager is likely to prevail.